Question: Is it an obligation upon the disbeliever to embrace Islam?
Answer: It is incumbent upon every disbeliever to embrace the religion of Islam, even if he is a Christian or a Jew, because Allah, the Most High says in His Mighty Book:
Say [O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)]: 'O mankind Verily, I am sent to you all as the Messenger of Allah ─ to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. La ilaha illa Huwa (none has the right to be worshipped but He). It is He Who gives life and causes death. So believe in Allah and His Messenger [Muhammad (Peace be upon him)], the Prophet who can neither read nor write [i.e. Muhammad (Peace be upon him)], who believes in Allah and His Words [(this Quran), the Taurat (Torah) and the Injil (Gospel) and also Allah's Word: 'Be!' ─ and he was, i.e. Isa (Jesus) son of Maryam (Mary)], and follow him so that you may be guided.' [Quran (7):158]
So, it is an obligation upon all of mankind to believe in the Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon him). However, because this Islamic religion is from the Mercy of Allah, the Almighty, the All-Powerful, and from His Wisdom, He has permitted such non-Muslims to remain upon their religions, on condition that they submit to the rule of the Muslims, for Allah, the Most High says:
Fight against those who (1) believe not in Allah, (2) nor in the Last Day, (3) nor forbid that which has been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger [Muhammad (Peace be upon him)], (4) and those who acknowledge not the religion of truth (i.e. Islam) among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christian), until they pay the Jizyah with willing Submission, and feel themselves subdued. [Quran (9):29]
It is mentioned in Sahih Muslim in the Hadith of Buraidah, may Allah be pleased with him, that whenever the Prophet (Peace be upon him) appointed a leader over an army or an expedition, he would order him to fear Allah and to treat those Muslims in his company well, and he would said:
Invite them to three things. If they respond to any one of these, accept it from them and withhold yourself from doing them any harm. [Reported by Muslim (1730)]
One of these things is to pay the Jizyah. This is why the most authoritative opinion among the sayings of the Scholars is that the Jizyah is accepted from other than the Jews and Christians.
In short, it is incumbent upon non-Muslims either to embrace Islam or to submit to the rule of Islam. And Allah is the Granter of success.
Muhammad bin Salih Al-Uthaymeen
Fatawa Arkan-ul-Islam
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